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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Stereotactic Adoptive Transfer of Cytotoxic Immune Cells in Murine Models of Orthotopic Human Glioblastoma Multiforme Xenografts
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Engineering challenges for brain tumor immunotherapy.

Johnathan G Lyon1, Nassir Mokarram2, Tarun Saxena2

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, 101 Science Drive, Durham, NC 27708-0271, USA; Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology & Emory School of Medicine, UA Whitaker Building, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
|June 20, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Malignant brain tumors have poor survival rates due to unique brain barriers. This review explores cancer immunotherapy approaches and challenges for brain tumors, focusing on immunoengineering solutions.

Keywords:
Blood-brain barrierBrain cancerGlioblastomaImmunoengineeringImmunomodulationImmunotherapyLymphaticsNeuroimmunologyNeurooncoimmunologyTumor-associated microglia

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Area of Science:

  • Neuro-oncology
  • Cancer Immunology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Malignant brain tumors have dismal survival rates, largely unchanged over 60 years.
  • The brain's critical function presents unique anatomical, physiological, and immunological barriers to treatment.
  • Cancer immunotherapy is effective for many cancers but underutilized in brain tumors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current cancer immunotherapy strategies for malignant brain tumors.
  • To identify critical barriers hindering the efficacy of brain tumor immunotherapies.
  • To discuss potential immunoengineering solutions for overcoming these challenges.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on brain tumor immunotherapy.
  • Analysis of anatomical, physiological, and immunological barriers specific to the brain.
  • Exploration of engineering principles applied to immunotherapy for central nervous system cancers.

Main Results:

  • Significant hurdles exist in applying immunotherapy to brain tumors due to the blood-brain barrier and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment.
  • Existing immunotherapy approaches face challenges in achieving sustained anti-tumor immune responses within the brain.
  • Immunoengineering offers promising avenues for developing novel therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Overcoming the brain's unique barriers is crucial for successful brain tumor immunotherapy.
  • Targeted immunoengineering solutions are needed to enhance immune cell infiltration and function within brain tumors.
  • Further research into immunoengineering brain tumor therapies could significantly improve patient outcomes.