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The Diversity of Long Noncoding RNAs and Their Generation
Huang Wu1, Li Yang2, Ling-Ling Chen3
1State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Andrology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai 200031, China.
Trends in Genetics : TIG
|June 21, 2017
Summary
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key gene expression regulators with diverse structures. This review covers their formation mechanisms, including processing by ribonuclease P and snoRNP complexes, and circularization.
Area of Science:
- Molecular Biology
- Genetics
- RNA Biology
Background:
- Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized as crucial regulators of gene expression.
- lncRNAs display significant structural diversity and originate from various genomic elements.
- Their formation involves complex and sometimes noncanonical RNA processing pathways.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current knowledge on long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs).
- To highlight recent discoveries concerning the mechanisms of lncRNA formation.
- To provide an overview of the structural diversity and processing of lncRNAs.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on lncRNA biogenesis.
- Analysis of distinct classes of lncRNAs transcribed from various DNA elements (promoters, enhancers, intergenic regions).
- Examination of noncanonical RNA processing pathways generating diverse lncRNA structures.
Main Results:
- lncRNAs exhibit a wide range of structures and sizes.
- Specific processing mechanisms contribute to lncRNA maturation, including ribonuclease P (RNase P) cleavage and capping by small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA)-protein (snoRNP) complexes.
- Circular lncRNA structures represent an emerging class of RNA species.
Conclusions:
- lncRNA formation is a complex process involving multiple regulatory mechanisms.
- Understanding lncRNA biogenesis is essential for deciphering their roles in gene regulation.
- Ongoing research continues to uncover novel pathways and structures involved in lncRNA generation.
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