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The femur is the body's longest and strongest bone spanning the thigh region. Its head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. A minor indentation on the medial side of the femoral head, called the fovea capitis, serves as the site of attachment for the ligament of the head of the femur. This weak ligament spans the femur and acetabulum and supports the hip joint. The narrowed region below the head is the neck of the femur. The inclination angle between the...
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In anatomy, several standard anatomical positions are used as references for describing the position and orientation of different body parts. These positions help provide a common frame of reference when discussing anatomical structures. The anatomical position is the standard reference point for describing the body's position and orientation. In this position:
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Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
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Three-dimensional orientation of the acetabulum.

Daisuke Suzuki1,2, Satoshi Nagoya1, Hiroyuki Takashima3

  • 1Department of Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Surgical Development, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, 060-8556, Japan.

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|June 21, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals significant sex differences in hip joint anatomy, with males exhibiting outward and downward acetabular orientation. Femoral head coverage also varies by sex and is influenced by age.

Keywords:
acetabular orientationage-related changeanatomy of acetabulumfemoral coverage acetabular covernormal hip jointorientation of the acetabulumsex characteristics anatomical pelvic coordinate system

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic surgery
  • Radiology
  • Human anatomy

Background:

  • Acetabular orientation and femoral head coverage are critical for hip joint stability.
  • Understanding age and sex variations in these parameters is essential for diagnosing hip pathologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine normal acetabular orientation and femoral head covering in Japanese adults.
  • To investigate the influence of age and sex on these anatomical parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Computed tomographic (CT) images of 120 Japanese hip joints (60 males, 60 females) were analyzed.
  • 3-D pelvic models were reconstructed and aligned in a standard coordinate system.
  • Key angles including operative anteversion (O-av), Sharp angle (SA), anatomical anteversion (A-av), anterior/posterior center-edge angles (ACE/PCE), lateral center-edge angle (LCE), and anterior/posterior sector angles (ASA/PSA) were measured.

Main Results:

  • Males showed smaller O-av, SA, and A-av compared to females (P<0.01).
  • SA was inversely correlated with age in both sexes (P<0.01).
  • Male PCE and PSA were smaller, while male ASA was larger than in females (P<0.05). Male acetabula are directed more outward and downward, but LCE showed no significant sex difference.
  • Females exhibit more posterior femoral coverage bias due to pelvic inclination.

Conclusions:

  • Significant sex-based differences exist in acetabular orientation and femoral head coverage.
  • Age impacts acetabular orientation (SA), with inverse correlation observed.
  • These findings provide crucial normative data for hip joint analysis and clinical assessment.