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Consensus development of quality indicators for end-of-life care for elders in Japan
Harue Masaki1, Nobuko Kawai2, Keiko Matsumoto3
1Graduate School of Nursing, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.
Aims And Objectives:
Quality indicators for end-of-life care have been published; however, none have been developed specifically for nursing in the cultural and traditional context of Japan. This study aimed to develop and build a consensus of quality indicators for end-of-life care for elders in Japan from the perspective of nursing science.
Methods:
To develop the quality indicators, we used a literature review, expert panel process, and the Delphi technique among clinical nurse specialists in geriatrics.
Results:
Quality indicators were identified in 7 major areas: advance directives and surrogate continuity, ethical daily care, care preferences and decisions about life-sustaining treatment, assessment and management of pain and other symptoms, daily care for the dying, family care, and institutional systems for end-of-life care.
Conclusions:
These quality indicators represent the first attempt to develop a best practices approach toward improving the quality of elderly end-of-life care in nursing.
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