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Processing Embryo, Eggshell, and Fungal Culture for Scanning Electron Microscopy
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When Is Embryonic Arrest Broken in Turtle Eggs?

Sean A Williamson, Roger G Evans, Richard D Reina

    Physiological and Biochemical Zoology : PBZ
    |June 22, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary

    Turtle embryos can remain in developmental arrest for longer periods by returning them to a hypoxic environment within 12 hours of oviposition. This method prevents movement-induced mortality, aiding conservation efforts for green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs.

    Keywords:
    arrested developmentembryooxygenpreovipositional arrestreproductionturtle

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    Area of Science:

    • * Reproductive Biology
    • * Embryology
    • * Conservation Science

    Background:

    • * Turtle embryos exhibit embryonic diapause in the oviduct, resuming development in normoxic nests.
    • * Relocating turtle eggs between 12 hours and 20 days post-oviposition can cause significant mortality.
    • * This mortality is associated with the recommencement of embryonic development after relocation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • * To investigate the timing of embryonic developmental arrest in turtle eggs.
    • * To determine methods for avoiding movement-induced mortality in relocated turtle eggs.
    • * To explore the potential of hypoxic incubation for extending embryonic diapause.

    Main Methods:

    • * Green turtle (Chelonia mydas) eggs were subjected to hypoxia (<8 mmHg) for 3 days.
    • * Hypoxic treatment commenced at various intervals from 30 minutes to 48 hours after oviposition.
    • * Hatching success was compared between experimental groups and a normoxic control group.

    Main Results:

    • * Hypoxic incubation effectively halted embryonic development, including the formation of the opaque white spot.
    • * Eggs exposed to hypoxia within 12 hours of oviposition showed no significant difference in hatching success compared to controls.
    • * Hypoxic treatment initiated 16 hours or more after oviposition resulted in 100% embryonic mortality.

    Conclusions:

    • * Extending embryonic arrest for at least 3 days is possible by returning turtle eggs to a hypoxic environment within 12 hours of oviposition.
    • * This hypoxic incubation technique shows promise for mitigating movement-induced mortality during egg relocation for conservation or research.
    • * The findings suggest that movement-induced mortality may have historically influenced the evolution of viviparity in turtles.