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Published on: November 22, 2016
Stable Bromiranium Ions with Weakly-Coordinating Counterions as Efficient Electrophilic Brominating Agents
Christoph Ascheberg1, Jonathan Bock1, Florenz Buß2
1Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstr. 40, 48149, Münster, Germany.
Sterically demanding bromiranium ions act as potent electrophilic brominating agents. These stable, highly reactive compounds facilitate the halogenation of alkenes and heteroatoms in chemical synthesis.
Area of Science:
- Organic Chemistry
- Synthetic Chemistry
Background:
- Electrophilic halogenating agents are crucial in chemical synthesis.
- Development of novel, highly reactive, yet stable reagents is an ongoing challenge.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize and characterize sterically demanding bromiranium ions.
- To evaluate their efficacy as electrophilic brominating agents for various substrates.
Main Methods:
- Synthesis of sterically hindered bromiranium ions with weakly coordinating counterions.
- Application of these ions in electrophilic bromination reactions.
- Stability studies under various conditions.
Main Results:
- Demonstrated high reactivity of sterically demanding bromiranium ions as brominating agents.
- Achieved successful electrophilic halogenation of alkenes.
- Enabled halogenation of heteroatoms.
- Observed stability of the reagents, with one stable under ambient conditions.
Conclusions:
- Sterically demanding bromiranium ions represent a new class of highly reactive and stable electrophilic brominating agents.
- These reagents offer a valuable tool for diverse synthetic applications, including alkene and heteroatom halogenation.
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Halogenation of Alkenes
Consider the bromination of cyclopentene. Molecular bromine is polarized in the proximity of the π electrons of cyclopentene. An electrophilic bromine atom adds across the double bond, forming a cyclic bromonium ion intermediate.
ortho–para-Directing Deactivators: Halogens

