Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease and Sleep Disorders: Insights into the Rising Epidemic

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Sleep Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of mortality globally and in the USA.
• Established CVD risk factors include obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.
• The increasing prevalence of obesity has introduced obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) as a significant, additional CVD risk factor.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the escalating epidemics of obesity and OSA.
• To explore common pathogenic mechanisms linking obesity and OSA to CVD.
• To discuss the potential of OSA treatment in mitigating CVD risk.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies on obesity, OSA, and CVD.
• Analysis of etiological hypotheses connecting these conditions.
• Examination of therapeutic strategies for OSA in the context of CVD prevention.

Main Results:

• Obesity and OSA are independently and synergistically associated with increased CVD risk.
• Shared pathophysiological pathways include inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction.
• Evidence suggests that treating OSA can improve cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions:

• Obesity and OSA represent a critical nexus for cardiovascular risk.
• Understanding the link between OSA and CVD is crucial for effective public health strategies.
• Targeting OSA offers a promising therapeutic avenue for reducing the burden of CVD.