[Smoking, vaping and cardiovascular risk : an update].

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Public Health
• Toxicology

Background:

• Tobacco smoking significantly elevates cardiovascular (CV) mortality and morbidity.
• Smoking cessation is often overlooked relative to other CV risk factors.
• Behavioral counseling and cessation treatments are effective and safe for CV health when used short-term.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the cardiovascular effects of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS).
• To assess the role of ENDS in smoking cessation for individuals with pre-existing CV disease.
• To provide recommendations for ENDS use in CV patients.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on the cardiotoxicity of ENDS components.
• Analysis of studies evaluating ENDS use in smokers with cardiovascular disease.
• Synthesis of current clinical recommendations regarding ENDS and CV health.

Main Results:

• ENDS contain potentially cardiotoxic substances, though generally at lower concentrations than traditional cigarettes.
• The cardiovascular impact of ENDS is variable, depending on device type and usage patterns.
• Limited data exists on the long-term CV effects of ENDS.

Conclusions:

• For former smokers with established CV disease who used ENDS to quit, cessation of ENDS use is advised once their condition is stable.
• Further research is needed to fully elucidate the cardiovascular risks associated with ENDS.
• ENDS cessation should be considered a priority for high-risk CV populations.