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Related Concept Videos

Construction of Root Locus01:15

Construction of Root Locus

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The construction of a root locus involves several key steps to analyze and visualize the behavior of a system's poles with varying gain. The number of branches in the root locus equals the number of closed-loop poles and is symmetrical about the real axis.
For positive gain values, the root locus exists on the real axis to the left of an odd number of finite open-loop poles or zeros. The root locus starts at the open-loop poles and traces the paths of the closed-loop poles as the gain...
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Scaled modeling is a fundamental technique in engineering, enabling the study of large and complex systems by creating smaller, manageable replicas that recreate critical characteristics of the original. In hydrology and civil infrastructure, for example, scaled models of dams help analyze water flow, turbulence, and pressure. This method allows for accurate predictions of real-world behavior within a controlled environment, significantly reducing the cost and time involved in full-scale...
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A cruise control system in a car is designed to maintain a specified speed automatically by adjusting the gas pedal. The system continuously measures the vehicle's speed and makes fine adjustments to the pedal to achieve this goal. The root locus method is particularly useful for understanding how the cruise control system's behavior changes under varying conditions, such as when the car goes uphill, downhill, or faces strong wind resistance.
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Schemas are cognitive structures that provide a framework for interpreting and organizing social information. They help individuals navigate complex environments by offering expectations about people, events, and behaviors. Schemas influence attention, encoding, and retrieval processes, thereby shaping the entire trajectory of information processing in social contexts.Attention and Cognitive LoadDuring initial attention, schemas function as filters that prioritize schema-consistent information,...
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Properties of the Root Locus01:05

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The root locus method is an invaluable tool for analyzing higher-order systems without needing to factor the denominator of the transfer function. A pole of the system is identified when the characteristic polynomial in the transfer function's denominator equals zero.
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OpenSimRoot: widening the scope and application of root architectural models.

Johannes A Postma1, Christian Kuppe1, Markus R Owen2,3

  • 1Plant Sciences, Institute of Bio and Geosciences 2, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Wilhelm-Johnen Straße, 52425, Jülich, Germany.

The New Phytologist
|June 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

OpenSimRoot is an open-source plant model simulating root growth and function. This enhanced model aids plant science by estimating trait value for water and nutrient acquisition in diverse environments.

Keywords:
OpenSimRootfunctional-structural plant modelmodel-driven phenotypingplant nutritionroot architectural traitsroot system architecturesimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Root system architecture, nutrient acquisition, and plant growth are critical for plant survival and crop yield.
  • Accurate modeling of root systems is essential for understanding plant responses to environmental conditions and for improving agricultural practices.
  • Existing models often lack the flexibility to upscale from root anatomy to plant communities or integrate diverse data types.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and describe OpenSimRoot, an open-source functional-structural plant model for root growth and function.
  • To highlight OpenSimRoot's modular infrastructure and its capability to couple with soil transport models.
  • To demonstrate OpenSimRoot's utility in estimating the value of root traits for resource acquisition and in upscaling to plant communities.

Main Methods:

  • OpenSimRoot extends the SimRoot model with a plugin, modular infrastructure.
  • Couples single plant/crop stands with soil nutrient and water transport models.
  • Integrates 3D root imaging (MRI, CT) and incorporates new modules for water uptake, tiller formation, and plasticity.

Main Results:

  • OpenSimRoot estimates the value of root traits for water and nutrient acquisition across species and environments.
  • The model facilitates upscaling from root anatomy to plant communities to analyze trait costs, synergisms, and interspecies competition.
  • New modules enable simulation of soil water-dependent processes, tiller development, and root growth plasticity.

Conclusions:

  • OpenSimRoot provides a flexible and powerful tool for the plant science community to study root system dynamics.
  • The model supports experimental design by integrating phenotypic and environmental data for mechanistic understanding at system scales.
  • OpenSimRoot advances root modeling by enabling detailed simulations from anatomical to community levels.