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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

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Crossing Over01:30

Crossing Over

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Exon Recombination02:32

Exon Recombination

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The evolution of new genes is critical for speciation. Exon recombination, also known as exon shuffling or domain shuffling, is an important means of new gene formation. It is observed across vertebrates, invertebrates, and in some plants such as potatoes and sunflowers. During exon recombination, exons from the same or different genes recombine and produce new exon-intron combinations, which might evolve into new genes. 
Exon shuffling follows “splice frame rules.” Each exon...
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The Replisome03:01

The Replisome

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
The synthesis of the leading and lagging strands is a highly coordinated process. To explain this, the “Trombone model” was proposed by Bruce Alberts in 1980. The DNA loop formation starts when a primer is synthesized on the parent lagging strand. The loop grows with...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

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A time for promiscuity in a eukaryotic recombinase.

Maria Spies1

  • 1From the Department of Biochemistry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 maria-spies@uiowa.edu.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|July 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

DNA strand exchange is key for DNA repair and genetic diversity. Researchers used the DNA curtain method to reveal shared and unique mechanisms of bacterial RecA and eukaryotic Rad51/Dmc1 proteins.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • DNA strand exchange is crucial for DNA repair via homologous recombination.
  • It also plays a vital role in generating genetic diversity during sexual reproduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the common and distinct mechanisms of DNA strand exchange.
  • To compare the functions of bacterial RecA and eukaryotic Rad51/Dmc1 recombinases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the single-molecule DNA curtain technique.
  • Analyzed the behavior of RecA, Rad51, and Dmc1 proteins during DNA strand exchange.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated shared mechanistic features across the studied RecA-family recombinases.

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Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
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Subcloning Plus Insertion SPI - A Novel Recombineering Method for the Rapid Construction of Gene Targeting Vectors
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy
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Preparation of the Mgm101 Recombination Protein by MBP-based Tagging Strategy

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Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51
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Real-time Observation of the DNA Strand Exchange Reaction Mediated by Rad51

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Subcloning Plus Insertion SPI - A Novel Recombineering Method for the Rapid Construction of Gene Targeting Vectors
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  • Highlighted idiosyncratic differences in the strand exchange processes of bacterial and eukaryotic proteins.

    • Conclusions:

    • The findings provide new insights into the conserved and divergent strategies of DNA recombinases.
    • Understanding these mechanisms is fundamental for comprehending DNA repair and genome stability.