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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
Genome Annotation and Assembly03:36

Genome Annotation and Assembly

The genome refers to all of the genetic material in an organism. It can range from a few million base pairs in microbial cells to several billion base pairs in many eukaryotic organisms. Genome assembly refers to the process of taking the DNA sequencing data and putting it all back together in a correct order to create a close representation of the original genome. This is followed by the identification of functional elements on the newly assembled genome, a process called genome annotation.
Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures01:32

Assembly of Complex Microtubule Structures

Complex microtubule structures are present in resting cells and in dividing cells. In resting cells, they are responsible for maintaining the cellular architecture, tracks for intracellular transport, positioning of organelles, assembly of cilia and flagella. They mediate the bipolar spindle assembly for chromosomal segregation and positioning of the cell division plate in dividing cells. The formation of microtubule complex structures depends on the cell type, cell stage, and cell function.
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
Fixing Double-strand Breaks02:04

Fixing Double-strand Breaks

The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Dynamic Assemblies in Genome Maintenance.

Paras Gaur1,2, Maria Spies3,4

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA. paras-gaur@uiowa.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 23, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Human genome integrity relies on supramolecular complexes that resolve DNA replication stalls. Key players like proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) stabilize and remodel damaged replication forks, crucial for preventing cancer.

Keywords:
CondensatesDNA damage repairDNA replicationG-quadruplex H-DNANon-conical DNA structurePARP1Proliferating cell nuclear antigen

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Last Updated: Jun 24, 2026

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique
09:14

Examination of Proteins Bound to Nascent DNA in Mammalian Cells Using BrdU-ChIP-Slot-Western Technique

Published on: January 14, 2016

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique
06:32

Deciphering Molecular Mechanism of Histone Assembly by DNA Curtain Technique

Published on: March 9, 2022

3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells
11:25

3D Multicolor DNA FISH Tool to Study Nuclear Architecture in Human Primary Cells

Published on: January 25, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The human genome faces constant threats from DNA damage and replication disruptions.
  • Replication machinery encounters obstacles like lesions and non-canonical DNA structures, leading to stalls.
  • Maintaining replication progression requires complex nucleoprotein assemblies to handle DNA damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the integration of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), and non-canonical DNA structures.
  • To explain their role in higher-order supramolecular complexes.
  • To underscore their importance in stabilizing, remodeling, or resolving stalled or damaged replication forks.

Main Methods:

  • Focuses on the molecular mechanisms of supramolecular complexes.
  • Integrates knowledge on PCNA, PARP1, and DNA structures.
  • Reviews existing literature on replication fork dynamics and genome stability.

Main Results:

  • PCNA, PARP1, and non-canonical DNA structures form supramolecular complexes.
  • These complexes stabilize, remodel, and resolve stalled or damaged replication forks.
  • The molecular events are essential for preserving genomic integrity.

Conclusions:

  • Supramolecular complexes involving PCNA and PARP1 are critical for maintaining human genome stability.
  • These factors and their complexes are potential therapeutic targets for genome instability-driven diseases like cancer.