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Related Concept Videos

Aneurysm I: Introduction01:30

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An aortic aneurysm is a localized outpouching or dilation at a weak point in the artery wall. It may involve different parts of the aorta, such as the abdominal aorta, aortic arch, or thoracic aorta.Etiological factorsSeveral disorders are associated with aortic aneurysms.Congenital causes, such as primary connective tissue disorders like Marfan syndrome, impact the integrity and strength of connective tissues, notably affecting the aorta. Marfan syndrome is a genetic disorder that specifically...
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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

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Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...
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Aortic Regurgitation I: Introduction01:15

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IntroductionAortic regurgitation is characterized by the backward flow of blood from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole and arises from the improper closure of the aortic valve. This condition results in left ventricular volume overload and can stem from both acute and chronic etiologies, each contributing uniquely to the disease's progression and symptomatology.Acute and Chronic CausesAcute aortic regurgitation often results from events that suddenly impair the integrity of the...
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Aneurysm III: Interprofessional Care01:26

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Aneurysm management involves either conservative medical therapy or surgical intervention, depending on the size and symptoms of the aneurysm. Conservative management is generally reserved for smaller, asymptomatic aneurysms, while larger or symptomatic aneurysms often necessitate surgical repair.Conservative Medical TherapyFor small, asymptomatic aneurysms, particularly abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) less than 5.5 centimeters in diameter, conservative medical therapy is recommended. This...
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Aortic Regurgitation II: Clinical Features and Diagnostic Tests01:22

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Aortic valve regurgitation (AR) occurs when the aortic valve fails to close properly, allowing blood to flow backward from the aorta into the left ventricle. This backflow can result in two distinct clinical presentations: acute and chronic AR, each characterized by its own set of symptoms and physical findings.Acute Aortic RegurgitationAcute AR presents with a sudden onset of severe symptoms. Patients typically experience profound dyspnea (shortness of breath), chest pain, and signs of left...
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Aortic Regurgitation III: Medical Management01:25

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Aortic regurgitation (AR) is when the aortic valve does not close or seal properly, leading to backward blood circulation from the aorta into the left ventricle during diastole. Common causes of AR include rheumatic heart disease, congenital valve defects, and aortic root dilation. Managing AR requires a multifaceted approach to alleviate symptoms, preserve left ventricular function, and address the underlying cause of the regurgitation. Patients with symptomatic AR or significant left...
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Novel and Innovative Hybrid Technique for Type A Aortic Dissection
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Acute Type A Aortic Dissection.

Ramsey S Elsayed1, Robbin G Cohen1, Fernando Fleischman1

  • 1Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, University of Southern California, 1520 San Pablo Street, HCC II, Suite 4300, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA.

Cardiology Clinics
|July 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Type A aortic dissection is a life-threatening emergency requiring immediate surgery. Prompt diagnosis and treatment improve survival rates, which range from 85% to 90% at specialized centers.

Keywords:
Aortic dissectionCardiac surgeryDiagnosisManagementOutcomes

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Thoracic Surgery
  • Aortic Disease

Background:

  • Type A aortic dissection is a critical surgical emergency.
  • It involves an intimal tear leading to a false lumen in the ascending aorta.
  • Urgent diagnosis and intervention are crucial for patient survival.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the critical aspects of Type A aortic dissection management.
  • To highlight the importance of prompt surgical intervention.
  • To discuss factors influencing surgical outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current surgical practices for Type A aortic dissection.
  • Analysis of outcomes data from Centers of Excellence.
  • Identification of key factors affecting patient survival.

Main Results:

  • Contemporary survival to discharge for Type A aortic dissection is 85% to 90% at Centers of Excellence.
  • Survival is significantly influenced by the timeliness of treatment.
  • Preexisting medical conditions, end-organ malperfusion, extent of repair, and complications impact outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Surgical repair, involving ascending aorta replacement, is the standard treatment.
  • Improved surgical outcomes are achievable with prompt diagnosis and intervention.
  • Multifactorial elements determine the success of surgical repair and patient survival.