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The Lymph Node in HIV Pathogenesis.

Yiannis Dimopoulos1, Eirini Moysi1, Constantinos Petrovas2

  • 1Tissue Analysis Core, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, 40 Convent Drive, MSC 3022, Building 40, Room 3612B, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|July 8, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Lymph nodes are crucial for immunity but are altered by HIV infection. Understanding these changes, particularly in germinal centers (GCs), is key to fighting the virus and eliminating reservoirs in T follicular helper (Tfh) cells.

Keywords:
HIVHIV-infected lymph nodesHIV/SIV pathogenesisLymph nodesPathogenesis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Lymph nodes are central to adaptive immunity, facilitating B cell responses in germinal centers (GCs).
  • Lymph node (LN) pathology is a significant consequence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.
  • HIV and SIV pathogenesis are closely linked to alterations in lymphoid tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the structural and functional changes in lymph nodes during HIV/SIV infection.
  • To understand the unique microenvironment within GCs that promotes viral evolution and reservoir establishment.
  • To identify key immune cells involved in viral persistence within lymph nodes.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lymph node architecture and immune cell populations in HIV/SIV-infected individuals.
  • Characterization of the inflammatory environment and tissue alterations.
  • Investigation of viral reservoir dynamics within specific GC cell types.

Main Results:

  • HIV/SIV infection leads to constant local inflammation and altered lymph node architecture.
  • Virus-specific CD8 T cells are relatively excluded from GCs.
  • Viral reservoirs are established in T follicular helper (Tfh) CD4 T cells within GCs.

Conclusions:

  • The lymph node microenvironment in HIV infection is uniquely conducive to viral evolution and reservoir formation.
  • T follicular helper cells are critical sites for viral persistence.
  • Understanding immune cell biology in HIV-infected lymph nodes is essential for viral eradication strategies.