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Related Concept Videos

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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Overview
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Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions01:30

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Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Hypersensitivities01:30

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Adrenergic agonists have diverse therapeutic uses across various medical conditions and emergencies.
Emergency and Intensive Care Unit (ICU) applications: Pressor agents increase blood pressure, heart rate, and contractility in shock and organ failure situations. Dopamine can induce vasodilation and stimulate adrenoceptors. Endogenous catecholamines are effective in treating cardiogenic shock. α2-agonists like clonidine can reverse anesthesia-induced hypertension.
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Updated: Feb 27, 2026

Basophil Activation Test for Allergy Diagnosis
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Histaminergic Angioedema.

Paula J Busse1, Tukisa Smith1

  • 1Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10029-6574, USA.

Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North America
|July 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Histamine-mediated angioedema, the most common type, requires prompt diagnosis to guide effective treatment. Understanding its classification and pathophysiology is key for managing acute or chronic symptoms.

Keywords:
AngioedemaHistamineHistaminergicInducible urticariaSpontaneous urticariaUrticaria

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology and Allergy
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Angioedema is a critical condition often categorized by its underlying mediator: histamine or bradykinin.
  • Accurate differentiation between histamine- and bradykinin-mediated angioedema is essential for directing appropriate therapeutic strategies.
  • Histaminergic angioedema represents the most prevalent form, necessitating a thorough understanding of its clinical presentations and management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the classification and pathophysiology of histamine-mediated angioedema.
  • To highlight the importance of identifying the mediator in angioedema for treatment selection.
  • To review the primary therapeutic interventions for histamine-mediated angioedema.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on angioedema classification and pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of clinical features distinguishing histamine-mediated angioedema.
  • Summary of established treatment protocols for histamine-mediated angioedema.

Main Results:

  • Histaminergic angioedema is the most frequent cause, classified as acute (<6 weeks) or chronic (>6 weeks).
  • It can present with or without urticaria, and acute cases may evolve into chronic forms.
  • Mast cells and basophils play a central role in the pathophysiology of histamine-mediated angioedema.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt identification of histamine as the mediator is crucial for effective angioedema management.
  • Treatment for histamine-mediated angioedema typically involves antihistamines, corticosteroids, and epinephrine.
  • Understanding the temporal classification (acute vs. chronic) and associated symptoms (urticaria) aids in diagnosis and treatment planning.