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Related Concept Videos

Colloids03:22

Colloids

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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles that are visible to the naked eye or can be seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. On the other hand, a solution is a homogeneous mixture in which no settling occurs and in which the dissolved...
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The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
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Children at play often make suspensions such as mixtures of mud and water, flour and water, or a suspension of solid pigments in water known as tempera paint. These suspensions are heterogeneous mixtures composed of relatively large particles visible to the naked eye or seen with a magnifying glass. They are cloudy, and the suspended particles settle out after mixing. The suspended particles in a suspension settle out after some time of mixing. The separation of particles from a suspension is...
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Coagulation01:06

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Colloidal solids are solid particles suspended in solution. They are usually negatively charged, attracting a compact primary layer of positively charged ions, which attract more counterions to form an electrical double layer. Electrostatic repulsion between the charged double layers prevents the particles from colliding, stabilizing the colloids. These solids are often undesirable because they can contain toxins that are difficult to remove. Coagulation is a technique that helps aggregate and...
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Different fluorescence-based techniques are used to study the protein dynamics in living cells. These techniques include FRAP, FRET, and PET.
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A reversible chemical reaction represents a chemical process that proceeds in both forward (left to right) and reverse (right to left) directions. When the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, the concentrations of the reactant and product species remain constant over time and the system is at equilibrium. A special double arrow is used to emphasize the reversible nature of the reaction. The relative concentrations of reactants and products in equilibrium systems vary greatly;...
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Confocal Imaging of Confined Quiescent and Flowing Colloid-polymer Mixtures
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Phoretic Interactions Generically Induce Dynamic Clusters and Wave Patterns in Active Colloids.

Benno Liebchen1, Davide Marenduzzo1, Michael E Cates2

  • 1SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3FD, United Kingdom.

Physical Review Letters
|July 15, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active colloids interacting via phoretic fields form dynamic patterns like waves and clusters. A minimal model simplifies complex interactions, revealing universal behavior in Janus colloids and aiding experimental comparisons.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft matter physics
  • Colloid science
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Active colloids exhibit complex behaviors due to self-propulsion and interactions.
  • Understanding phoretic interactions (diffusiophoresis, thermophoresis) is key to controlling active matter.
  • Janus colloids are model systems for studying directed self-assembly and emergent phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a minimal model for phoretically interacting active colloids.
  • To simplify the parameter space governing the behavior of Janus colloids.
  • To reveal universal phase diagrams for pattern formation in active colloid systems.

Main Methods:

  • Kinetic theory
  • Linear stability analyses
  • General relation between self-propulsion and phoretic interactions

Main Results:

  • Reduced parameter space from six to two dimensionless parameters (area fraction and Péclet number).
  • Demonstrated universal phase diagram for phoretic interactions in Janus colloids.
  • Observed pattern formation, including waves and dynamic aggregates, even at low densities.

Conclusions:

  • Phoretic interactions generically drive pattern formation in Janus colloids.
  • The minimal model accurately predicts emergent behaviors observed in experiments.
  • This work provides a framework for understanding and designing active colloid systems.