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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs02:39

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Types of RNA01:20

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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Overexpressing Long Noncoding RNAs Using Gene-activating CRISPR
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Cytokines and Long Noncoding RNAs.

Susan Carpenter1, Katherine A Fitzgerald2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064.

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Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and cytokines regulate immunity. This review explores their interplay, highlighting lncRNAs as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for inflammatory disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Cytokines and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are key regulators of the immune system.
  • lncRNA expression changes upon cytokine stimulation in a cell-specific manner.
  • lncRNAs modulate cytokine expression during immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the intricate relationship between cytokines and lncRNAs in immunity.
  • To discuss the emerging roles of lncRNAs in gene regulation within immune pathways.
  • To explore the potential of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for inflammatory diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on cytokine-lncRNA interactions.
  • Analysis of studies demonstrating lncRNA involvement in immune cell activation.
  • Discussion of methodologies for functional characterization of lncRNAs.

Main Results:

  • lncRNAs are dynamically regulated by cytokines and influence cytokine production.
  • lncRNAs play critical roles in the gene regulatory networks of immunity.
  • Current methods for lncRNA functional analysis lag behind genomic discovery.

Conclusions:

  • The interplay between cytokines and lncRNAs is fundamental to immune regulation.
  • lncRNAs represent promising targets for novel therapeutic strategies in inflammatory disorders.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate lncRNA functions and harness their therapeutic potential.