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The Insular Cortex Dynamically Maps Changes in Cardiorespiratory Interoception.

Mahlega S Hassanpour1, W Kyle Simmons1,2, Justin S Feinstein1,2

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Neuropsychopharmacology : Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology
|July 21, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The right mid-insula brain region is crucial for processing bodily sensations like palpitations and shortness of breath during panic anxiety. This study used fMRI to map brain activity in response to induced cardiorespiratory sensations.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Panic anxiety involves intense bodily sensations (interoception), such as palpitations and dyspnea.
  • The brain's dynamic representation of these interoceptive changes, particularly in relation to the insula, is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain dynamically represents cardiorespiratory sensations.
  • To test the hypothesis that the right mid-insular cortex is a key area responding to sympathetic arousal and interoceptive changes.

Main Methods:

  • Healthy participants (n=23) underwent arterial spin labeling functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • Isoproterenol, a beta-adrenergic agonist, was administered to induce dose-dependent cardiorespiratory sensations.
  • Participants rated sensation intensity, and fMRI data were analyzed in relation to physiological arousal and subjective experience.

Main Results:

  • Isoproterenol reliably induced dose-dependent palpitations and dyspnea.
  • The right mid-insula showed maximal activation during peak sympathetic arousal and cardiorespiratory sensation.
  • Insula activation expanded to anterior, posterior, and bilateral regions during the recovery phase.

Conclusions:

  • The right mid-insula is a critical node in the brain's interoceptive network.
  • Insula subregion activity shifts dynamically with cardiorespiratory sensation and arousal.
  • This fMRI-isoproterenol approach can probe insula function and interoceptive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.