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Energy Efficiency Challenges of 5G Small Cell Networks.

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    IEEE Communications Magazine. IEEE Communications Society
    |August 1, 2017
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    Energy efficiency in fifth generation (5G) small cell networks is challenged by computation power, not just transmission. Optimizing computation, based on Landauer

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    Area of Science:

    • Telecommunications Engineering
    • Energy Efficiency in Wireless Networks
    • Information Theory

    Background:

    • Fifth generation (5G) cellular networks utilize small cells, introducing significant energy efficiency challenges.
    • Massive multiple-input multiple-outputs (MIMO) in 5G reduces transmission power but increases computational demands.
    • The relative importance of computation versus transmission power for 5G small cell energy efficiency remains under-explored.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of computation power in the energy efficiency of 5G small cell base stations (BSs).
    • To quantify energy consumption attributed to computation, referencing the Landauer principle.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis based on the Landauer principle to assess computation energy costs.
    • Simulations to evaluate energy consumption in 5G small cell base stations under various traffic loads and antenna configurations (e.g., 128 antennas).

    Main Results:

    • Computation power accounts for over 50% of the total energy consumed by 5G small cell base stations.
    • With massive MIMO deployment (128 antennas) for high traffic, computation power can reach approximately 800 watts.
    • Energy consumption is significantly influenced by computational load.

    Conclusions:

    • Computation power is a critical factor, often exceeding transmission power's impact, in the energy efficiency of 5G small cell networks.
    • Optimization of computation power presents a major opportunity to enhance the overall energy efficiency of small cell infrastructure.
    • Future research and development should focus on energy-efficient computing within 5G base stations.