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Eddy currents can produce significant drag on motion, called magnetic damping. For instance, when a metallic pendulum bob swings between the poles of a strong magnet, significant drag acts on the bob as it enters and leaves the field, quickly damping the motion.
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The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...
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Magnetic dipoles in magnetic materials are aligned when placed under an external magnetic field. For paramagnets and ferromagnets, dipole alignment occurs in the direction of the magnetic field. However, the dipoles align opposite to the field in the case of diamagnets. This state of magnetic polarization due to the external field is called magnetization. Magnetization is defined as the dipole moment per unit volume. It plays a similar role to polarization in electrostatics.
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A charged particle experiences a force when moving through a magnetic field. Consider the field to be uniform and the charged particle to move perpendicular to it. If the field is in a vacuum, the magnetic field is the dominant factor determining the motion. Since the magnetic force is perpendicular to the direction of motion, a charged particle follows a curved path. The particle continues to follow this curved path until it forms a complete circle. Another way to look at this is that the...
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Lightweight-compact variable-gap undulator with force cancellation system based on multipole monolithic magnets.

Ryota Kinjo1, Akihiro Kagamihata2, Takamitsu Seike2

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A new lightweight-compact variable-gap undulator (LCVGU) uses multipole monolithic magnets (MMMs) for force cancellation. This design eliminates heavy frames, reducing cost and construction time while maintaining performance comparable to conventional undulators.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Engineering
  • Accelerator Technology

Background:

  • Conventional variable-gap undulators (VGUs) require heavy mechanical frames due to strong magnetic attractive forces.
  • These frames increase construction complexity, cost, and installation time.
  • A need exists for more compact and cost-effective VGU designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a lightweight-compact variable-gap undulator (LCVGU) that overcomes the limitations of conventional VGUs.
  • To implement a novel force-cancellation system using multipole monolithic magnets (MMMs).
  • To reduce the overall cost and installation time for variable-gap undulator systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a force-cancellation system utilizing multipole monolithic magnets (MMMs).
  • Design and construction of two prototype lightweight-compact variable-gap undulators (LCVGUs) incorporating the MMMs.
  • Performance evaluation through mechanical tests and magnetic-field measurements.

Main Results:

  • The developed LCVGU successfully integrates a force-cancellation system based on MMMs.
  • The LCVGU design eliminates the need for heavy mechanical frames characteristic of conventional VGUs.
  • Mechanical tests and magnetic-field measurements demonstrated performance comparable to conventional VGUs.

Conclusions:

  • The novel LCVGU design offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative to traditional VGUs.
  • The MMM-based force-cancellation system effectively mitigates strong magnetic forces.
  • This advancement is expected to significantly reduce the cost and time associated with VGU construction and installation.