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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Loss- and Gain-of-function Approach to Investigate Early Cell Fate Determinants in Preimplantation Mouse Embryos

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Pronuclear Transplantation in the Mouse Embryo.

James McGrath, Davor Solter, Jeff Mann

Cold Spring Harbor Protocols

|August 3, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details a novel microsurgical protocol for zygote enucleation and pronuclei transplantation. This technique enables the transfer of genetic material without compromising the zygote

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Area of Science:

Reproductive Biology
Developmental Biology
Microsurgery

Background:

Pronuclear transplantation is crucial for assisted reproductive technologies.
Existing methods for pronuclear manipulation can be invasive.
A refined protocol is needed for efficient and safe pronuclear transfer.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe a detailed protocol for zygote enucleation and pronuclei transplantation.
To present a minimally invasive technique for removing and transferring pronuclei.
To optimize embryo survival during microsurgical procedures.

Main Methods:

Microsurgical removal of pronuclei without penetrating the zygote plasma membrane.
Formation of a karyoplast containing pronuclei for transfer.
Fusion of the karyoplast with an enucleated recipient zygote using Sendai virus or electrofusion.
Use of cytoskeletal inhibitors (cytochalasin B, colcemid) to enhance embryo survival.

Main Results:

Successful enucleation and transplantation of both male and female pronuclei.
Demonstration of the ability to transfer single pronuclei.
High embryo survival rates due to optimized preincubation conditions.

Conclusions:

This protocol offers a refined and less invasive method for pronuclear transplantation in zygotes.
The technique is critical for advancing research in developmental biology and assisted reproduction.
The described procedure ensures the integrity of the zygote during genetic material transfer.