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Catch-and-Display Immunoassay as an Accessible Platform for Digital Biomarker Detection
Yuxuan Liu1, Sam Walker2, Michael Klaczko3
1Materials Science, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, United States.
Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|February 9, 2026
Summary
We developed an accessible nanomembrane-based Catch-and-Display Immunoassay (CAD-IA) for common labs. This digital immunoassay detects biomarkers with high sensitivity using standard equipment, overcoming adoption barriers.
Area of Science:
- Biomarker detection
- Nanotechnology in diagnostics
- Immunoassay development
Background:
- Digital immunoassays offer high sensitivity for low-abundance biomarkers but face adoption barriers due to cost and complexity.
- Current commercial and lab-scale digital immunoassay platforms are often expensive or require specialized equipment and workflows.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce an accessible nanomembrane-based Catch-and-Display Immunoassay (CAD-IA) suitable for routine laboratory settings.
- To demonstrate CAD-IA's capability for sensitive and quantifiable biomarker detection using standard laboratory equipment.
Main Methods:
- Developed the Catch-and-Display Immunoassay (CAD-IA) using ultrathin silicon nitride membranes and fluorescent nanoparticles.
- Utilized pipette-powered filtration to capture nanoparticles within membrane pores, creating optically isolated hotspots.
- Quantified immunocomplex formation via confocal microscopy for digital signal generation on the µSiM-DX platform.
Main Results:
- CAD-IA demonstrated consistent digital outputs and linear quantification over at least two orders of magnitude for the TBI biomarker S100B.
- The assay maintained linearity in serum matrices and achieved a limit of detection (LoD) of 0.02 μg/mL with tyramide signal amplification (TSA).
- The µSiM-DX platform was manually assembled from cost-effective, mass-produced components.
Conclusions:
- CAD-IA presents a novel, accessible digital immunoassay approach for common laboratory environments.
- This method overcomes practical barriers to digital immunoassay adoption, enabling sensitive biomarker detection.
- The proof-of-concept demonstrates potential for clinically relevant diagnostics in accessible settings.
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