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Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

3.3K
Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
697
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

664
Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
664
Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

544
Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
544
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

571
Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
571
Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias01:28

Mechanism of Cardiac Arrhythmias

2.4K
Arrhythmias are irregular heart rhythms occurring when the heart's electrical impulses become abnormal. These disturbances can lead to various symptoms, depending on their severity and the underlying cause. Some common factors contributing to arrhythmias include hypoxia, ischemia, electrolyte imbalances, excessive catecholamine exposure, drug toxicity, and muscle overstretching. Arrhythmias can be classified into two main types based on the rate and site of origin of abnormal heart rhythms.
2.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
11:21

Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

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Ablation of Complex Atrial Flutters.

Gregory M Marcus1

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Electrophysiology Section, University of California, 500 Parnassus, MUE 434, San Francisco, CA 94143-1354, USA.

Cardiac Electrophysiology Clinics
|August 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Complex atrial flutter ablation can be challenging for electrophysiologists. This discussion covers catheter ablation techniques for complex atrial flutter, improving patient quality of life and reducing stroke risk.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Atrial flutter is a common heart rhythm disorder.
  • It significantly impacts patient quality of life and elevates stroke risk.
  • Complex atrial flutter presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss catheter ablation strategies for complex atrial flutter.
  • To provide practical examples for invasive electrophysiologists.
  • To highlight the role of ablation in managing challenging arrhythmias.

Main Methods:

  • Review of catheter ablation techniques for complex atrial flutter.
  • Case examples illustrating procedural approaches.
  • Discussion of electrophysiological mapping and ablation guidance.

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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology
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Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology

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Last Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
11:21

Robotic Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: May 29, 2015

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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
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Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

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Non-fluoroscopic Catheter Tracking for Fluoroscopy Reduction in Interventional Electrophysiology
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Main Results:

  • Catheter ablation is a viable option for complex atrial flutter.
  • Specific techniques can overcome procedural challenges.
  • Successful ablation can improve patient outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Complex atrial flutter management requires specialized electrophysiology expertise.
  • Catheter ablation offers a solution for refractory or complex cases.
  • Further refinement of ablation techniques is ongoing.