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Related Concept Videos

Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

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The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
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Nucleic Acids02:43

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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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Nucleic acids are the most important macromolecules for the continuity of life. They carry the cell's genetic blueprint and carry instructions for its functioning.
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RNA Structure01:19

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The basic structure of RNA consists of a string of ribonucleotides attached by phosphodiester bonds. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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The basic structure of RNA consists of a five-carbon sugar and one of four nitrogenous bases. Although most RNA is single-stranded, it can form complex secondary and tertiary structures. Such structures play essential roles in the regulation of transcription and translation.
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Updated: Feb 25, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Parallel-stranded DNA and RNA duplexes - structural features and potential applications.

Marta Szabat1, Ryszard Kierzek1

  • 1Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznan, Poland.

The FEBS Journal
|August 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleic acids exhibit conformational flexibility, sometimes forming parallel-stranded duplexes instead of the usual antiparallel orientation. These structures have evolutionary roles and potential applications in gene silencing and therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:
FRETDNA and RNA structureantiparallel and parallel duplexesthermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA) typically exist in an antiparallel orientation stabilized by Watson-Crick base pairs.
  • However, nucleic acid fragments can adopt parallel orientations, involving non-canonical base pairing.
  • These parallel-stranded structures are observed in specific chromosomal regions and various genomes, including bacterial and insect species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the conformational flexibility of nucleic acids.
  • To investigate the occurrence and implications of parallel-stranded nucleic acid duplexes.
  • To highlight the potential applications of these unusual structures.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on nucleic acid structures and functions.
  • Analysis of existing data on parallel-stranded duplexes in different organisms.
  • Exploration of the biological roles and potential applications.

Main Results:

  • Nucleic acids display significant conformational flexibility beyond the canonical B-form DNA.
  • Parallel-stranded duplexes, though less common, are found in specific genomic contexts.
  • These structures are implicated in mRNA processing and gene silencing mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Parallel-stranded nucleic acid duplexes represent an important structural variation with functional significance.
  • These structures may play roles in evolution and gene regulation.
  • Parallel-stranded duplexes offer potential as tools for biotechnological applications, including antigene and antisense therapies.