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Updated: Feb 25, 2026
The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Published on: August 11, 2008
Outcomes of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Zambia: a cohort analysis
Nathan Kapata1,2, Martin P Grobusch3, Gershom Chongwe4,5
1Department of Disease Surveillance, Control and Research, Ministry of Health, Ndeke House, P. O. Box 30205, Lusaka, Zambia. nkapata@gmail.com.
Purpose:
The purpose of this study was to establish a baseline for measuring the impact of the programmatic management of drug-resistant TB program by following up on outcomes of all patients diagnosed with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Zambia between 2012 and 2014.
Methods:
A cohort study of all the MDR-TB patients diagnosed at the national TB reference laboratory from across Zambia. MDR-TB was diagnosed by culture and DST, whereas outcome data were collected in 2015 by patient record checks and home visits.
Results:
The total number of patients diagnosed was 258. Of those, 110 (42.6%) patients were traceable for this study. There were 67 survivor participants (60.9%); 43 (39.1%) were deceased. Out of the 110 patients who were traced, only 71 (64.5%) were started on second-line treatment. Twenty-nine (40.8%) patients were declared cured and 16.9% were still on treatment; 8.4% had failed treatment. The survival rate was 20.2 per 100 person-years of follow-up. Taking ARVs was associated with a decreased risk of dying (hazard ratio 0.12, p = 0.002). Sex, age, marital status and treatment category were not important predictors of survival in MDR-TB patients.
Conclusions:
More than half of the patients diagnosed with MDR-TB were lost to follow-up before second-line treatment was initiated.
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