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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Drug distribution in the human body is influenced by several factors, including plasma protein concentration, body composition, blood flow, tissue-protein concentration, and tissue fluid pH. Among these, changes in plasma protein concentration and body composition due to aging significantly affect how drugs are distributed within the body. Specifically, aging is associated with a decrease in albumin levels by about 10% and an increase in α1-acid glycoprotein levels. These alterations are...
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Gastrointestinal Disturbances in the Elderly.

Natalie R Baker1, Kala K Blakely2

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Aging alters gastrointestinal (GI) function, affecting digestion, absorption, and immunity in older adults. Healthcare providers should consider these changes and recommend colorectal cancer screening.

Keywords:
Age-related changesColorectal cancer screeningDysphagiaGERDGI bleedingGastrointestinalOlder adults

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Aging significantly impacts gastrointestinal (GI) function, affecting nutrient absorption, medication metabolism, and immune responses.
  • Senescent swallowing (difficulty swallowing) is common in older adults and can be worsened by chronic diseases and substance use.
  • Nonspecific GI complaints in older adults necessitate comprehensive health assessments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system.
  • To highlight the impact of chronic disease, alcohol, tobacco, and medications on GI function in the elderly.
  • To emphasize the importance of colorectal cancer screening in older populations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of age-related GI changes.
  • Analysis of factors exacerbating GI dysfunction in older adults.
  • Discussion of clinical assessment and screening recommendations.

Main Results:

  • Age-related GI alterations affect digestion, absorption, excretion, and immunity.
  • Chronic diseases and substance use compound age-related GI decline.
  • Colorectal cancer incidence is high in older adults, underscoring screening importance.

Conclusions:

  • Healthcare providers must recognize and address age-related GI changes.
  • Thorough patient history and physical exams are crucial for diagnosing GI issues in older adults.
  • Routine discussion of colorectal cancer screening is essential for all older patients.