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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.1K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 25, 2026

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function
10:42

A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function

Published on: July 30, 2017

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A Free-breathing fMRI Method to Study Human Olfactory Function.

Jianli Wang1, Sebastian Rupprecht1, Xiaoyu Sun1

  • 1Center for NMR Research, Department of Radiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove
|August 9, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a novel respiration-triggered olfactory functional MRI (fMRI) technique to accurately map the human central olfactory system. This method overcomes challenges in odorant delivery and signal detection, offering a reliable tool for olfactory research and clinical diagnostics.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Medical Imaging
  • Sensory Systems

Background:

  • Human olfaction is crucial for various applications, including biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.
  • Evaluating the central olfactory system using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) presents technical challenges.
  • Key variables include odorant selection, respiration interaction, and odorant anticipation/habituation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate an effective method for mapping central olfactory system function using fMRI.
  • To address technical difficulties in olfactory fMRI, ensuring accurate and reliable results.

Main Methods:

  • An event-related, respiration-triggered olfactory fMRI technique was employed.
  • Odorants were administered to stimulate the olfactory system while minimizing interference.
  • A specific data post-processing method was used to capture fMRI signal onsets in the primary olfactory cortex.

Main Results:

  • The developed technique accurately administers odorants and stimulates the olfactory system.
  • Potential interferences were minimized, leading to reliable fMRI signal capture.
  • Precise onsets of fMRI signals in the primary olfactory cortex were effectively captured.

Conclusions:

  • The presented technique offers an efficient and practical approach for obtaining reliable olfactory fMRI results.
  • This method can be a valuable diagnostic tool for olfactory degeneration-related diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's.
  • Further understanding of the human olfactory system's complexities can be advanced by this technique.