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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Microscopy
    • Nanotechnology

    Background:

    • Dielectric microspheres can generate photonic nanojets, enabling super-resolution imaging beyond the classical diffraction limit.
    • Imaging nanostructures on substrates with microspheres is limited by the propagation distance of light, restricting super-resolution to small central areas.
    • Previous methods achieved super-resolution details of ~100 nm, confined to a ~10 μm² area due to the critical substrate-microsphere separation distance of ~1 μm.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of the substrate-microsphere separation distance in the super-resolution effect of photonic nanojets.
    • To develop a method for achieving large-area super-resolution imaging using dielectric microspheres.

    Main Methods:

    • Finite element simulations were performed to analyze the impact of the separation distance on super-resolution.
    • A microsphere was mounted on a frame attached to a standard microscope objective.
    • The microsphere-equipped objective was scanned over the sample in a step-by-step manner to acquire image tiles.

    Main Results:

    • Super-resolution imaging is feasible only within a restricted central area (~10 μm²) when the substrate-microsphere distance is small (~1 μm).
    • Scanning the microsphere-equipped objective enabled the generation of a set of image tiles.
    • Subsequent stitching of image tiles produced a single super-resolution image covering sample areas up to ~10⁴ μm² with a resolution of λ/4-λ/5.

    Conclusions:

    • Scanning a standard optical microscope objective equipped with a dielectric microsphere enables super-resolution microscopy over the entire field-of-view.
    • This scanning approach overcomes the area limitations of previous microsphere-based super-resolution techniques.
    • The developed method significantly expands the applicability of super-resolution microscopy for imaging large nanostructured areas.