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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

Drug Dosing: Infants and Children

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
388
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
375
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

359
Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
359
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

286
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis01:30

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

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Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin,...
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A Patient-Derived Xenograft Model for Venous Malformation
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Pediatric Angioedema.

Debendra Pattanaik1, Jay Adam Lieberman2

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 51 North Dunlap, Suite 400, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA.

Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|August 10, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric angioedema is common and best classified as histaminergic or kinin-mediated. New guidelines and therapies, particularly for hereditary angioedema, offer improved diagnosis and treatment options for children.

Keywords:
AngioedemaAngioedema treatmentC1 inhibitorHereditaryPediatricUrticaria

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Clinical Immunology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Angioedema is a common condition in the pediatric population, often presenting with or without urticaria.
  • Accurate classification into histaminergic or kinin-mediated types is crucial for effective management.
  • Recent advancements in understanding and treatment have emerged, necessitating updated clinical guidance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide clinicians with an updated understanding of angioedema in children.
  • To review current diagnostic techniques for various angioedema subtypes.
  • To discuss established and emerging treatment modalities for pediatric angioedema.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on pediatric angioedema.
  • Analysis of newly published international diagnostic and treatment guidelines.
  • Evaluation of treatment data specifically from pediatric populations.

Main Results:

  • Angioedema classification remains centered on histaminergic vs. kinin-mediated pathways.
  • New global guidelines aid in diagnosing and treating both urticaria/angioedema and hereditary angioedema.
  • Multiple novel therapies for hereditary angioedema have shown promise and are being studied in children as young as two years old.

Conclusions:

  • Clinicians now have expanded therapeutic options for all forms of pediatric angioedema.
  • Recent research has focused significantly on hereditary angioedema, with many treatments being evaluated in pediatric cohorts.
  • Ongoing research continues to refine treatment strategies specifically for the pediatric population.