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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition

Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...

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Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Scalable Solution-processed Fabrication Strategy for High-performance, Flexible, Transparent Electrodes with Embedded Metal Mesh

Published on: June 23, 2017

Patternable Solvent-Processed Thermoplastic Graphite Electrodes.

Kevin J Klunder¹, Zach Nilsson¹, Justin B Sambur¹

¹Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University , Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 12, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new solvent-based method creates low-cost thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) with excellent electrochemical performance and high conductivity. These versatile carbon electrodes offer a significant improvement over traditional options for various applications.

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Nanotechnology

Background:

Composite carbon electrodes, widely used since the 1950s, exhibit limitations in electrochemical activity compared to metallic and glassy carbon alternatives.
Existing carbon electrodes face challenges in achieving high electrochemical activity, universal fabrication into complex geometries, high conductivity, and low cost simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel, low-cost composite graphite electrode with enhanced electrochemical properties and fabrication versatility.
To introduce a solvent-based method for creating thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs) suitable for complex patterning and diverse applications.

Main Methods:

A solvent-based fabrication technique was employed to create composite graphite electrodes incorporating a thermoplastic binder, termed thermoplastic electrodes (TPEs).
Investigated the impact of electrode composition, surface treatments (sanding, polishing, plasma), and graphite source on fabrication, conductivity, and electrochemical performance.
Explored fabrication techniques including hot embossing, molding, templating, and CO2 laser cutting for intricate patterning.

Main Results:

The developed TPEs demonstrate excellent electrochemical performance, high conductivity (700 S m⁻¹), and ease of fabrication and patterning into complex geometries.
TPEs exhibit significant improvements in peak current, peak separation, and charge transfer resistance compared to traditional carbon electrodes.
Optimized TPEs achieve electrochemical responses comparable to expensive graphene and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite electrodes.

Conclusions:

The new thermoplastic electrode system offers a cost-effective and versatile approach for fabricating high-performance carbon electrodes.
TPEs provide a viable alternative for applications in sensing, batteries, fuel cells, and other electrochemical devices requiring advanced carbon electrodes.