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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Transposons, or "jumping genes," are small mobile genetic elements (MGEs) that range from 700 to 40,000 base pairs in length. They are found in all organisms and can move within the same chromosome or transfer to different chromosomes. In some cases, transposons can also jump between different host DNA molecules, such as plasmids or viruses, contributing to genetic variability.Barbara McClintock first discovered these mobile genetic elements in the 1940s while studying maize genetics, and she...
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Recombinant DNA technology called transgenesis is often used to add a foreign gene or remove a detrimental gene from an organism. Such genetically modified organisms are called transgenic organisms.
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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
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Updated: Feb 24, 2026

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Transposable Elements Direct The Coevolution between Plants and Microbes.

Michael F Seidl1, Bart P H J Thomma1

  • 1Laboratory of Phytopathology, Wageningen University and Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands; Both authors contributed equally.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transposable elements drive genome evolution and variability, especially during stress and host-microbe interactions. These mobile genetic elements are key to accelerated evolution in plants and microbes.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Transposable elements (TEs) are mobile genetic sequences influencing genome evolution.
  • TEs are increasingly recognized for their role in host-microbe interactions and adaptation under stress.
  • Pathogenic microbes and plants exhibit structured genomes with TE-rich regions linked to variability and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of transposable elements in genome evolution, particularly in the context of host-microbe interactions.
  • To highlight the contribution of TEs to genetic variability under stress conditions.
  • To discuss mechanisms by which TEs mediate coevolution between plants and microbes.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of recent findings on transposable elements.
  • Analysis of genomic structures in microbes and plants.
  • Identification of mechanisms linking TEs to host-microbe coevolution.

Main Results:

  • Transposable elements significantly contribute to genetic variability and genome evolution, especially under stress.
  • TEs are enriched in specific genomic regions associated with pathogenicity in microbes and accelerated evolution in plants.
  • Immune receptor genes in plants are often located in TE-rich regions, facilitating adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • Transposable elements are crucial drivers of adaptive evolution in eukaryotes.
  • TEs play a significant role in shaping host-microbe interactions and coevolutionary dynamics.
  • Understanding TE functions provides insights into genome plasticity and adaptation strategies.