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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

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Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
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Hormones and Bone Tissue01:17

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The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
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Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Bone Disorders01:29

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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Chromatin Modification in iPS Cells01:32

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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Author Spotlight: Comparing Alveolar and Long Bone Remodeling to Explore OTM Model Potential
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Epigenetics and Bone Remodeling.

Ali Husain1, Matlock A Jeffries2,3

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Immunology, and Allergy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|August 16, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic alterations, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, are crucial for bone remodeling and related diseases. Recent research highlights their role in key signaling pathways and cell differentiation.

Keywords:
Bone remodelingDNA methylationEpigeneticsHistone modificationReviewmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Bone Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Molecular Medicine

Background:

  • Bone remodeling is essential for skeletal health and is implicated in various bone diseases.
  • Epigenetic alterations have been identified as critical regulators of normal bone development and pathologic bone remodeling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements linking epigenetic modifications to bone remodeling.
  • To highlight key findings in DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs in bone biology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on epigenetics and bone remodeling.
  • Analysis of findings related to DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs.
  • Synthesis of current understanding of epigenetic regulation in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic changes in Wnt, RANK/RANKL, and other signaling pathways are significant.
  • Epigenetic mechanisms play a crucial role in osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation.
  • DNA methylation, histone modifications, and non-coding RNAs collectively regulate gene transcription in bone.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetics is a key factor in bone remodeling and associated pathologies.
  • Further research is needed to explore epigenome-wide changes in early aberrant bone remodeling.
  • Integrating epigenetic data with transcriptomic data will advance understanding of bone biology.