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Pattern of Cardiac Diseases in Children Attended at Dhulikhel Hospital, Nepal

A Joshi1, R Pb Shrestha1, P S Shrestha1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal.

Kathmandu University Medical Journal (KUMJ)
|August 18, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Congenital Heart Disease, particularly septal defects, is the most common cardiac condition in children. Rheumatic Heart Disease remains a significant burden, and tubercular pericardial effusion requires clinical suspicion in pediatric cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Epidemiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) are leading causes of pediatric cardiac illness in developing nations.
  • Understanding the prevalence and patterns of pediatric cardiac diseases is crucial for public health initiatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the pattern, prevalence, and age distribution of cardiac diseases in children.
  • To identify risk factors for mortality in pediatric cardiac patients.
  • To assess the spectrum of pediatric cardiac conditions at Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital.

Main Methods:

  • A 30-month observational study (Jan 2014 - June 2016) included 218 pediatric patients (birth to 16 years).
  • Data collection involved clinical examinations, electrocardiography, chest X-ray, echocardiography, and laboratory investigations.
  • Disease patterns, including specific diagnoses and valve involvement, were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) accounted for 66.05% of cases, followed by Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD) at 26.14%.
  • Ventricular Septal Defect and Atrial Septal Defect were the most frequent CHDs. RHD predominantly affected the mitral valve.
  • All 14 pericardial disease cases were of tubercular origin, presenting with effusion, and two with constrictive pericarditis.

Conclusions:

  • Septal defects are the most common CHDs in this pediatric cohort.
  • Despite global trends, RHD remains a substantial public health concern in the community.
  • Tubercular pericardial effusion is prevalent and warrants consideration in pediatric patients presenting with pericardial effusion. Enhanced cardiac care and surgical interventions are recommended.

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