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Related Concept Videos

Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory01:29

Theory of Attribution II: Kelley's Covariation Theory

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Attribution theory plays a crucial role in social psychology, helping to explain how individuals interpret the causes of behavior. One prominent model within this field is Harold Kelley's covariation theory, which provides a systematic approach to determining whether internal traits or external circumstances drive a person's actions. The model posits that individuals rely on three key types of information—consensus, consistency, and distinctiveness—to make these judgments.Consensus:...
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Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory01:15

Theory of Attribution I: Correspondent Inference Theory

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Correspondent inference theory, proposed by Jones and Davis in 1965, seeks to explain how individuals infer stable personality traits from observed behaviors. It suggests that people attribute actions to underlying dispositions rather than external circumstances, particularly when the behavior appears intentional and socially significant.Voluntary Behavior and Dispositional AttributionAccording to this theory, individuals are more likely to attribute behavior to personal traits when it appears...
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Attribution Theory00:56

Attribution Theory

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Behavior is a product of both the situation (e.g., cultural influences, social roles, and the presence of bystanders) and of the person (e.g., personality characteristics). Subfields of psychology tend to focus on one influence or behavior over others. Situationism is the view that our behavior and actions are determined by our immediate environment and surroundings. In contrast, dispositionism holds that our behavior is determined by internal factors (Heider, 1958).
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Correspondence Bias01:17

Correspondence Bias

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Correspondence bias, also referred to as the fundamental attribution error, describes the tendency to attribute another person’s behavior to internal characteristics rather than situational influences. This cognitive bias leads individuals to overlook external factors that may be influencing actions, thereby fostering potentially inaccurate assessments of others’ intentions and dispositions.Empirical Evidence for Correspondence BiasResearch has consistently demonstrated the...
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Actor-Observer Effect01:23

Actor-Observer Effect

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The actor-observer effect, a cognitive bias closely linked to the fundamental attribution error, refers to the tendency for individuals to attribute their behavior to external, situational factors while explaining others’ behavior in terms of internal, dispositional traits. This asymmetry in attribution significantly influences social perception and judgment.Cognitive Mechanisms Behind the EffectTwo primary psychological mechanisms contribute to the actor-observer effect: differences in...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
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A comparison of retrospective attribution rules.

Lucas Higuera1, Caroline Carlin

  • 1Medica Research Institute, 401 Carlson Pkwy, Mail Route CW105, Minnetonka, MN 55305.

The American Journal of Managed Care
|August 18, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Comparing patient attribution methods, a 1-year lookback rule for primary care physicians (PCPs) balances attribution fraction and stability. This method is recommended when multiple years of data are available for accurate provider system assignment.

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Health Informatics
  • Healthcare Management

Background:

  • Accurate patient attribution to provider systems is crucial for healthcare management and performance evaluation.
  • Existing methods for retrospective patient attribution vary in their effectiveness and stability over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the performance of different retrospective patient attribution methods.
  • To evaluate methods based on the fraction of patients attributed and the stability of these assignments over time.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cross-sectional study using administrative claims data from 2010-2011.
  • Developed 32 attribution rules varying unit of measure, provider type (PCPs, all physicians), encounter type, and care concentration.
  • Included PCP-only, all-physician, hierarchical, and lookback rules.

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Main Results:

  • All attribution methods demonstrated a trade-off between attribution stability and the fraction of the population attributed.
  • The trade-off was minimized by supplementing PCP-based rules with a 1-year lookback for unassigned patients.
  • PCP-based rules offered maximum stability in the absence of multiple years of data.

Conclusions:

  • A 1-year lookback method is recommended for patient attribution when multiple years of data are accessible.
  • In the absence of multiple years of data, PCP-based rules maximize attribution stability.
  • Hierarchical rules offer a better balance of attribution fraction and stability compared to simple all-provider rules.