Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Study of the Functions and Activities of Neuronal K-Cl Co-Transporter KCC2 Using Western Blotting
Published on: December 9, 2022
NKCC1 Chloride Importer Antagonists Attenuate Many Neurological and Psychiatric Disorders
1New INMED, Aix-Marseille University, Campus Scientifique de Luminy, Marseilles, France.
Abstract:
In physiological conditions, adult neurons have low intracellular Cl- [(Cl-)I] levels underlying the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic inhibitory drive. In contrast, neurons have high (Cl-)I levels and excitatory GABA actions in a wide range of pathological conditions including spinal cord lesions, chronic pain, brain trauma, cerebrovascular infarcts, autism, Rett and Down syndrome, various types of epilepsies, and other genetic or environmental insults. The diuretic highly specific NKCC1 chloride importer antagonist bumetanide (PubChem CID: 2461) efficiently restores low (Cl-)I levels and attenuates many disorders in experimental conditions and in some clinical trials. Here, I review the mechanisms of action, therapeutic effects, promises, and pitfalls of bumetanide.
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