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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.1K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
4.1K
Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

466
Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
466
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

1.0K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
1.0K
Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.1K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.1K
Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

399
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
399
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

692
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
692

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
09:20

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Published on: February 13, 2021

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Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Michelle W Bloom1, Barry Greenberg2, Tiny Jaarsma3,4

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, 101 Nicolls Road, HSC, T-16, Rm 080, Stony Brook, New York 11794-8167, USA.

Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
|August 25, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Heart failure affects millions globally, with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction being a major cause of morbidity. New therapies are urgently needed as current treatments do not offer a cure.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Heart failure is a growing global health issue, impacting over 26 million people worldwide.
  • Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) constitutes about 50% of US cases, leading to significant morbidity and reduced quality of life.
  • Various conditions like myocardial infarction and endocrine disorders can trigger pathophysiological processes leading to heart failure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the global burden and challenges associated with heart failure, particularly HFrEF.
  • To underscore the limitations of current management strategies and the urgent need for novel therapeutic approaches.

Main Methods:

  • This abstract reviews the current understanding of heart failure pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
  • It synthesizes information on the epidemiology, etiological factors, and clinical manifestations of heart failure.

Main Results:

  • The sympathetic nervous system and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system initially compensate for ventricular impairment but worsen cardiac function with chronic activation.
  • Symptoms such as dyspnoea, fatigue, and fluid accumulation can complicate diagnosis.
  • Despite pharmacological therapies and devices, heart failure remains incurable with a poor prognosis and high mortality rate.

Conclusions:

  • The development of new therapies for heart failure is imperative due to its incurable nature and high mortality.
  • Further research is essential to improve outcomes for the millions affected by this condition.