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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

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Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
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Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
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Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
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Narcolepsy01:07

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Narcolepsy is a chronic sleep disorder characterized by pervasive, uncontrolled sleepiness and other sleep disturbances. One of its hallmark symptoms is an abrupt transition to REM sleep upon falling asleep, which causes symptoms typically associated with this phase to occur unexpectedly during wakefulness. These include the following symptoms, which typically last from a minute or two to half an hour.
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Assessing the respiratory rate and rhythm for a complete minute is crucial for evaluating the breathing pattern. Even a minor increase in the patient's average respiratory rate, by as little as three to five breaths per minute, is an early and vital indicator of respiratory distress. Patients with a respiratory rate exceeding twenty-four breaths per minute require close monitoring to determine the physiological alterations. This careful observation is essential for prompt recognition and...
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REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (RBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the absence of muscle paralysis that normally occurs during the REM phase of sleep. This absence allows individuals to physically act out their dreams, which are often vivid and disturbing. Common behaviors exhibited during episodes include kicking, punching, and yelling. These actions can be dangerous, potentially leading to injuries for the person with RBD or their bed partner.
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Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy DISE with Target Controlled Infusion TCI and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
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[Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome].

Sergio García Castillo1, María Del Perpetuo Socorro Hoyos Vázquez2, Ramón Coloma Navarro1

  • 1Servicio de Neumología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, España.

Anales De Pediatria
|August 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common, often severe, and linked to obesity. Surgery was the most frequent treatment, with nearly 70% of children showing improved symptoms.

Keywords:
AmigdalectomíaChildNiñoObstructive sleep apnoea syndromePolisomnografíaPolysomnographySíndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueñoTonsillectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent condition in children, posing a significant public health challenge.
  • Understanding the clinical and polysomnographic characteristics of pediatric OSA is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the clinical and polysomnographic presentation of pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
  • To analyze treatment modalities and outcomes for children diagnosed with OSA.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective descriptive study analyzed sleep tests from children up to 14 years old.
  • Data collected included anthropometric, clinical, and polysomnographic variables, as well as treatment and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • The study included 234 children, with 71.8% diagnosed with OSA, predominantly moderate to severe.
  • Common symptoms included snoring (93.4%) and apnea (84.5%), with 44% of children being overweight or obese.
  • Surgery was the most frequent treatment (42.9%), leading to symptom improvement in 69.4% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • A significant proportion of studied children presented with pathological apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and moderate-to-severe OSA.
  • Overweight/obesity was common, and weight improvement was limited in affected children.
  • While clinical outcomes were favorable for most, further interventions may be needed for weight management in obese children with OSA.