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Related Concept Videos

Carrier Transport01:21

Carrier Transport

1.0K
The generation of electrical current in semiconductors is fundamentally driven by two mechanisms: drift and diffusion. These processes are essential for the functionality and performance of semiconductor-based devices.
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
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Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism00:57

Cationic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.9K
The cationic polymerization mechanism consists of three steps: initiation, propagation, and termination. In the initiation step of the polymerization process, the π bond of a monomer gets protonated by the Lewis acid catalyst, which is formed from boron trifluoride and water. The protonation of the π bond generates a carbocation stabilized by the electron‐donating group. In the propagation step, the π bond of the second monomer acts as a nucleophile and attacks the...
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Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism01:04

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Mechanism

2.6K
The mechanism for anionic chain-growth polymerization involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. In the initiation step, a nucleophilic anion, such as butyl lithium, initiates the polymerization process by attacking the π bond of the vinylic monomer. As a result, a carbanion, stabilized by the electron‐withdrawing group, is generated. The resulting carbanion acts as a Michael donor in the propagation step and attacks the second vinylic monomer, which acts as a Michael...
2.6K
Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview01:20

Anionic Chain-Growth Polymerization: Overview

2.7K
The polymerization process that involves carbanion as an intermediate is called anionic polymerization. It is also a type of addition or chain-growth polymerization. Anionic polymerization gets initiated by a strong nucleophile such as an organolithium or a Grignard reagent. The most commonly used initiator for anionic polymerization is butyl lithium. Monomers involved in anionic polymerization must possess a vinyl group bonded to one or two electron-withdrawing groups. For instance,...
2.7K
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry01:26

Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry

2.3K
The absorption of UV–visible light by conjugated systems causes the promotion of an electron from the ground state to the excited state. Consequently, photochemical electrocyclic reactions proceed via the excited-state HOMO rather than the ground-state HOMO. Since the ground- and excited-state HOMOs have different symmetries, the stereochemical outcome of electrocyclic reactions depends on the mode of activation; i.e., thermal or photochemical.
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
2.3K
Carrier Generation and Recombination01:22

Carrier Generation and Recombination

1.4K
Carrier generation is the process by which electron-hole pairs (EHPs) are created within the semiconductor. In direct-bandgap semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide (GaAs), this occurs efficiently when energy absorption prompts valence electrons to leap into the conduction band, leaving behind holes.
This process is given by the generation rate G and is efficient due to the conservation of momentum between the valence band maximum and conduction band minimum.
Indirect generation involves an...
1.4K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 24, 2026

Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering
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Monitoring the Effects of Illumination on the Structure of Conjugated Polymer Gels Using Neutron Scattering

Published on: December 21, 2017

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Exploring the Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers.

Yong Xu1, Huabin Sun1, Wenwu Li2

  • 1Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University, 26 Pil-dong, 3-ga, Jung-gu, Seoul, 100-715, Republic of Korea.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|August 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Accurate charge transport evaluation in conjugated polymers is crucial. New planar transistor methods reveal intrinsic properties by minimizing extrinsic effects for better plastic electronics.

Keywords:
charge transportconjugated polymersdevice physicsorganic transistors

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Using Cyclic Voltammetry, UV-Vis-NIR, and EPR Spectroelectrochemistry to Analyze Organic Compounds
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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Semiconductor Physics

Background:

  • Conjugated polymers exhibit charge transport limited by disorder.
  • Accurate transport evaluation is key for optimizing polymer design.
  • Conventional field-effect transistors (FETs) present limitations in accurate analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To address the limitations of conventional FETs for conjugated polymer analysis.
  • To develop a reliable method for evaluating intrinsic charge transport properties.
  • To enable the design of high-performance semiconducting polymers.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing planar transistors with ohmic contacts to eliminate access resistance and ambipolar conduction.
  • Analyzing charge transport in both conventional and planar FET configurations.
  • Operating planar transistors in a low-field regime to avoid field-induced disorder effects.

Main Results:

  • Extrinsic effects like Schottky barriers and access resistance significantly influence conventional FET analysis.
  • Planar transistors with ohmic contacts provide a more direct measure of charge transport.
  • Low-field operation of planar transistors is essential for probing inherent transport properties, unaffected by high-field disorder reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Planar transistors operating in the low-field regime offer a robust approach to understanding conjugated polymer charge transport.
  • This method is vital for the accurate assessment and design of advanced semiconducting polymers.
  • The findings pave the way for developing superior materials for plastic electronics.