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Updated: Feb 24, 2026
The Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump
Published on: February 5, 2021
Association between Preoperative Cardiac Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Perioperative Intraaortic Balloon Pump in
Go Kusumoto1, Kenji Shigematsu1, Kouhei Iwashita1
1Department of Anesthesiology, Fukuoka University School of Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan.
Insights
Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use during off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is linked to both systolic and diastolic left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. This includes isolated diastolic dysfunction, highlighting its importance in surgical risk assessment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Cardiac Surgery
- Cardiovascular Imaging
Background:
- Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) prophylaxis is known to reduce mortality in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG).
- The role of IABP in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction, particularly during off-pump CABG (OPCAB), remains unclear.
- This study examines the relationship between preoperative LV function and perioperative IABP use in OPCAB patients.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between preoperative left ventricular (LV) systolic and diastolic function and the perioperative use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 100 consecutive OPCAB patients.
- Preoperative LV function assessed using transthoracic echocardiography and categorized into four groups: normal, isolated systolic dysfunction, isolated diastolic dysfunction, and combined dysfunction.
- Review of medical records for perioperative IABP use.
- Statistical analysis using Mann-Whitney, Pearson chi-square, and Fisher exact tests.
Main Results:
- Intraoperative IABP use was significantly higher in patients with isolated LV systolic dysfunction, isolated LV diastolic dysfunction, and combined LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction compared to those with normal LV function (P < .05).
- IABP was also more frequently used in patients who developed combined LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction postoperatively (P < .05).
Conclusions:
- Preoperative left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction is associated with increased intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) use during and after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB).
- Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, even in the presence of normal LV systolic function, is also associated with increased perioperative IABP use in OPCAB patients.
Background:
Prophylactic use of intraaortic balloon pump (IABP) reduces hospital mortality in patients with left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG); however, its association in patients with LV diastolic dysfunction is unclear. This retrospective study investigated the association between preoperative LV function and perioperative use of IABP in patients undergoing off-pump CABG (OPCAB) at a university hospital.
Methods:
100 consecutive patients who underwent OPCAB between January 1, 2011 and August 31, 2014 were studied. Preoperative LV function was categorized into four groups based on LV systolic and diastolic function determined with preoperative transthoracic echocardiography. The use of IABP was reviewed from medical records. The Mann-Whitney test, Pearson chi-square test, or Fisher exact test were used.
Results:
Patients were categorized into the following groups: normal LV function (n = 43), isolated LV systolic dysfunction (n = 13), isolated LV diastolic dysfunction (n = 21), and combined LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction (n = 14). Intraoperative IABP use was significantly more frequent in patients with isolated LV systolic dysfunction, isolated LV diastolic dysfunction, and combined LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction than in those with normal LV function (P < .05). Furthermore, IABP was used more frequently in patients who developed combined LV systolic and diastolic dysfunction postoperatively (P < .05). Conclusion: Not only the presence of preoperative systolic dysfunction but also LV diastolic dysfunction in the presence of normal LV systolic function were associated with increased use of IABP during and after OPCAB.
