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When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
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An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the torque...
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Consider a cylindrical shaft with a length denoted by L and a consistent cross-sectional radius referred to as r. This shaft undergoes a torque at the free end. The highest shearing strain within the shaft is directly proportional to the twist angle and the radial distance from the shaft axis. When the shaft behaves elastically, this shearing strain can be articulated using variables such as the applied torque, radial distance, the polar moment of inertia, and the modulus of rigidity. By...
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Contact angles from Young's equation in molecular dynamics simulations.

Hao Jiang1, Florian Müller-Plathe1, Athanassios Z Panagiotopoulos1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, USA.

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A new molecular dynamics method accurately calculates equilibrium contact angles in complex solid/fluid/fluid systems. This approach, combining phantom-wall and Bennett

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Area of Science:

  • Computational chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Surface science

Background:

  • Calculating contact angles is crucial for understanding wetting phenomena.
  • Existing methods often require fluid droplets or are limited to vapor-liquid systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel molecular dynamics method for calculating equilibrium contact angles in heterogeneous 3-phase systems.
  • To enable contact angle calculations for fluid mixtures above saturation pressures.

Main Methods:

  • Combines the phantom-wall method and Bennett's acceptance ratio approach.
  • Calculates solid/fluid surface tension relative to solid surface energy.
  • Utilizes Young's equation to estimate equilibrium contact angles without fluid droplets.

Main Results:

  • Successfully calculated contact angles for binary Lennard-Jones fluid mixtures and water/CO2 systems.
  • Results agreed with direct simulations using cylindrical droplets.
  • Demonstrated applicability to both non-polar and polar systems.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed method provides an accurate and efficient alternative for determining contact angles.
  • It overcomes limitations of previous methods, particularly for fluid mixtures.
  • Offers direct calculation via Young's equation without ambiguity.