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Updated: Feb 23, 2026
Vascularized Composite Hand Allograft Procurement and Preparation for Distal and Proximal Forearm Allotransplantation: A Stepwise Approach
Published on: May 23, 2025
Toe-to-finger combined with free flap transfer for primary one-stage post-traumatic reconstruction of the complex
Hua Chen1, Chaoyin Jiang2, Yaozeng Xu3
1Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Orthopedic Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, China; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
Abstract:
Toe-to-finger transplantation is intimately related to the development of microsurgical free tissue transplantation, which is one of the most important advances in the history of reconstructive surgery. It is also generally acknowledged that a mangled hand with massive tissue loss and amputation of multiple digits presents a challenge for plastic and reconstructive surgeons. In this retrospective study we reviewed 11 cases of primary one-stage post-traumatic reconstruction of complex fingerless hands using a combination of toe-to-finger and free tissue transplantation performed in Shanghai Jiao Tong University affiliated Sixth People's Hospital and Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine affiliated Ninth People's Hospital from January 2001 to November 2014. Primary healing was achieved in 10 cases, while in the other case partial flap loss was documented and secondary healing was achieved by skin grafting. We concluded from this study that, by selecting suitable patients, use of a combination of toe-to-finger and free tissue transplantation may provide an alternative option for mangled hand salvage with satisfactory functional and esthetic results.
