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Neuroactive substances in inner ear extracts.

W F Sewell, E A Mroz

    The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
    |August 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Researchers identified novel excitatory substances in fish inner ear extracts that influence nerve cell activity. These substances, one of low and one of high molecular weight, may play roles in inner ear neural function.

    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Otolaryngology
    • Biochemistry

    Background:

    • Sensory hair cells are crucial for hearing and balance.
    • Identifying neurotransmitters in the inner ear is key to understanding auditory and vestibular pathways.
    • Fish inner ears offer a rich source for studying hair cell function due to their abundance.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To identify neurotransmitters released by sensory hair cells.
    • To discover substances influencing inner ear neural function.
    • To characterize the molecular weight and properties of active compounds.

    Main Methods:

    • Preparation and fractionation of fish inner ear extracts.
    • Assessing extract effects on Xenopus laevis lateral line afferent nerve discharge.

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  • Utilizing gel-permeation chromatography to determine molecular weights.
  • Employing cation-exchange chromatography to analyze substance binding properties.

    • Main Results:

    • Active substances were found that do not bind to cation-exchange resin at neutral pH.
    • Two unidentified excitatory substances were detected: one low molecular weight (approx. 200 Da) and one high molecular weight (≤5000 Da).
    • A high molecular weight inhibitory substance (>5000 Da) was also identified in some extracts.
    • The low molecular weight excitatory substance was specific to the inner ear, while the high molecular weight excitatory substance was found in both brain and inner ear.

    Conclusions:

    • Fish inner ear extracts contain novel excitatory and inhibitory substances affecting neural activity.
    • The low molecular weight excitatory substance is a potential neurotransmitter candidate released by hair cells.
    • Further research is needed to elucidate the exact roles of these identified substances in inner ear function.