[Circulating long noncoding RNAs as biomarkers in tumor diagnosis]

Area of Science:

• Molecular Biology
• Genetics
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene expression, epigenetics, and X-chromosome inactivation.
• lncRNAs are implicated in tumor initiation and progression.
• Circulating lncRNAs are found in body fluids like blood and urine, often within microvesicles, exosomes, or bound to proteins.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the origin and detection methods of circulating lncRNAs.
• To evaluate the diagnostic value of circulating lncRNAs as tumor biomarkers.
• To highlight the advantages of circulating lncRNAs over traditional biomarkers for early cancer detection.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on the origin and detection of circulating lncRNAs.
• Focus on studies investigating circulating lncRNAs in lung, breast, gastric, liver, colorectal, and prostate cancers.
• Comparative analysis of circulating lncRNAs versus traditional biomarkers.

Main Results:

• Circulating lncRNAs originate from various sources and can be detected using established methods.
• lncRNAs show significant potential as early diagnostic biomarkers for multiple cancer types.
• These novel biomarkers demonstrate unique advantages and clinical value compared to conventional methods.

Conclusions:

• Circulating lncRNAs represent a novel class of biomarkers with substantial potential for early cancer diagnosis.
• Their presence in accessible body fluids facilitates non-invasive detection.
• Further research and clinical validation are warranted to fully integrate circulating lncRNAs into cancer diagnostics.