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The biological clock is involved in many aspects of regulating complex physiology in all animals. It was in 1935 when German zoologists, Hans Kalmus and Erwin Bünning, discovered the existence of circadian rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster. However, the internal molecular mechanisms behind the circadian clock remained a mystery until 1984, when Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash, and Michael W. Young discovered the expression of the Per gene oscillating over a 24-hour cycle. In subsequent...
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The hematopoietic stem cells or HSCs are multipotent, meaning they can differentiate and give rise to all blood and immune cells. HSCs are maintained in the quiescent stage until an external stimulus initiates their differentiation. The multipotent HSCs exist as two heterogeneous populations, long-term repopulating cells (LTRC) and short-term repopulating cells (STRC). The two HSC populations have different surface markers or receptors and are classified based on quiescence and long-term...
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Parallel Measurement of Circadian Clock Gene Expression and Hormone Secretion in Human Primary Cell Cultures
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Stem cells and the circadian clock.

Meltem Weger1, Nicolas Diotel2, Anne-Claire Dorsemans2

  • 1Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.

Developmental Biology
|September 14, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The body's internal clock regulates stem cell health and function. This review explores how circadian clocks impact embryonic and adult stem cells, particularly in the brain.

Keywords:
Adult neurogenesisCircadian clockDevelopmentStem cellVertebrate

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Area of Science:

  • Chronobiology
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • The circadian timing system governs 24-hour biological rhythms.
  • Stem cell homeostasis is influenced by circadian clock regulation.
  • Rhythmic oscillations are observed in various stem cell processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss the nature of the circadian clock in embryonic stem cells.
  • To examine how the circadian clock changes during stem cell differentiation.
  • To explore the role of circadian clocks in adult stem cell function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of circadian rhythms and stem cell biology.
  • Analysis of studies on embryonic and adult stem cell differentiation.
  • Focus on neurogenesis and brain stem cell function.

Main Results:

  • Circadian clocks are integral to embryonic stem cell identity and differentiation.
  • Adult stem cell functions, including migration and regeneration, exhibit circadian control.
  • The brain, particularly in adult neurogenesis, shows significant circadian clock influence.

Conclusions:

  • Circadian clocks are crucial for maintaining stem cell homeostasis and function throughout life.
  • Understanding these rhythms offers insights into aging and regenerative medicine.
  • Further research into tissue-specific circadian clock mechanisms is warranted.