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Derek Evan Nee1, Mark D'Esposito2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cognitive control relies on the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Causal testing revealed unexpected interactions, refining models of how LPFC dynamics support complex cognition.

Keywords:
cognitive controldynamic causal modelingfMRIhierarchyhumanneuroscienceprefrontal cortextranscranial magnetic stimulation

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • The lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) is crucial for higher-level cognition, including cognitive control.
  • Previous dynamic causal modeling (DCM) suggested mid-LPFC integrates rostral and caudal influences for action selection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To causally test a DCM of LPFC interactions in cognitive control using continuous theta-burst transcranial magnetic stimulation (cTBS).
  • To investigate the functional roles of different LPFC subregions and their connectivity.

Main Methods:

  • Applied cTBS to three LPFC sites and a control site in a counterbalanced design.
  • Measured behavioral modulations to assess the causal impact of disrupting LPFC activity.
  • Refined the DCM based on behavioral data and causal manipulation outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Behavioral changes largely aligned with the initial DCM predictions.
  • cTBS to caudal LPFC unexpectedly impaired functions attributed to rostral LPFC.
  • A revised DCM incorporating a caudal-to-mid-rostral LPFC pathway significantly improved model fit and explained observed effects.

Conclusions:

  • Provided causal evidence for specific LPFC network dynamics supporting cognitive control.
  • Demonstrated the value of integrating DCM with causal neurostimulation techniques for refining cognitive models.