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Diaphragmatic Ultrasound in Adults: Image Acquisition and Interpretation
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Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness.

Martin Dres1,2,3, Ewan C Goligher4,5, Leo M A Heunks6

  • 1Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, INSERM, UMRS_1158, Paris, France. martin.dres@aphp.fr.

Intensive Care Medicine
|September 17, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness is common in ICU patients, often caused by sepsis and mechanical ventilation. This condition worsens patient outcomes and prolongs hospital stays.

Keywords:
Critically ill patientsDiaphragm atrophyDiaphragm dysfunctionRespiratory muscle weakness

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Area of Science:

  • Critical care medicine
  • Respiratory physiology
  • Neuromuscular disorders

Background:

  • Diaphragm weakness is prevalent in critically ill patients, potentially preceding or developing during ICU stays.
  • Sepsis and mechanical ventilation are key risk factors contributing to diaphragm dysfunction.
  • Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness (CI-ADW) encompasses various mechanisms of diaphragm injury in the ICU.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and discuss critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness (CI-ADW).
  • To highlight the association of CI-ADW with adverse patient outcomes.
  • To explore diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for CI-ADW.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diaphragm function in critical illness.
  • Identification of risk factors and consequences of CI-ADW.
  • Discussion of current and emerging assessment techniques for respiratory muscles.

Main Results:

  • CI-ADW is linked to increased ICU mortality, difficult weaning, and prolonged mechanical ventilation.
  • Bedside assessment tools may improve the detection of diaphragm weakness.
  • Inspiratory muscle training and pharmacological agents show potential but require more clinical outcome data.

Conclusions:

  • Critical illness-associated diaphragm weakness is a significant complication with substantial negative impacts on patient recovery.
  • Improved diagnostic methods are needed for early detection and intervention.
  • Further research is required to validate the efficacy of therapeutic interventions on clinical outcomes.