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Comparative aspects of microRNA expression in canine and human cancers

Kabiru Sahabi1, Gayathri T Selvarajah1, Rasedee Abdullah2

  • 1Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Malaysia.

Journal of Veterinary Science
|September 21, 2017
PubMed

Insights

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression and are implicated in cancer. This review highlights their roles in human and canine cancers, including cancer stem cells, and their therapeutic potential.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression in multicellular organisms, with over 1,400 identified human miRNAs.
  • miRNA dysregulation is a common mechanism in post-transcriptional gene regulation and is increasingly recognized in various diseases.
  • OncomiRs, a class of miRNAs involved in cancer, have been identified in both human and canine cancers, with some showing down-regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of miRNA expression and function in human and canine oncogenesis.
  • To explore the role of miRNAs in cancer stem cell biology across species.
  • To discuss the potential of miRNAs as therapeutic targets for personalized cancer therapy in dogs and humans.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific articles on miRNAs, cancer, and comparative oncology.
  • Analysis of studies reporting miRNA expression profiles in human and canine cancers.
  • Synthesis of information on miRNA involvement in cancer stem cells and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • miRNAs play significant roles in the initiation and progression of both human and canine cancers.
  • Specific miRNAs, termed oncomiRs, are implicated in oncogenesis, with several found to be down-regulated in cancers.
  • miRNAs are crucial in cancer stem cell biology, influencing tumor development and recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are critical regulators in cancer development and progression in both humans and dogs.
  • Understanding miRNA roles in cancer stem cells offers insights into therapeutic strategies.
  • miRNAs hold promise as biomarkers and therapeutic targets for personalized cancer treatment in companion animals and humans.
Keywords:
dogsgene expressionmicroRNAsneoplasmsstem cells

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