Therapeutic startegies for human papillomavirus infection and associated cancers

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is linked to development of cancer of cervix, vagina, vulva, penis, ano-genital and non-genital oro-pharyngeal sites. HPV being a sexually transmitted virus infects both genders equally but with higher chances of pathological outcome in women. In the absence of organized screening programs, women report HPV-infected lesions at relatively advanced stages where they are subjected to standard treatments that are not HPV-specific. HPV infection-driven lesions usually take 10-20 years for malignant progression and are preceded by well-characterized pre-cancer stages. Despite availability of window for pharmacological intervention, therapeutic that could eradicate HPV from infected lesions is currently lacking. A variety of experimental approaches have been made to address this lacuna and there has been significant progress in a number of lead molecules which are in different stages of clinical and pre-clinical development. Present review provides a brief overview of the magnitude of the problem and current status of research on promising lead molecules, formulations and therapeutic strategies that showed potential to translate to clinically-viable HPV therapeutics to counteract this reproductive health challenge.