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Published on: June 23, 2015
Chronic kidney disease: Pathological and functional evaluation with intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted
Wei Mao1, Jianjun Zhou1, Mengsu Zeng1
1Department of Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, P.R. China.
Background:
Because chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide problem, accurate pathological and functional evaluation is required for planning treatment and follow-up. Intravoxel incoherent motion diffusion-weighted imaging (IVIM-DWI) can assess both capillary perfusion and tissue diffusion and may be helpful in evaluating renal function and pathology.
Purpose:
To evaluate functional and pathological alterations in CKD by applying IVIM-DWI.
Study Type:
Prospective study.
Subjects:
In all, 72 CKD patients who required renal biopsy and 20 healthy volunteers.
Field Strength:
1.5T.
Assessment:
All subjects underwent IVIM-DWI of the kidneys, and image analysis was performed by two radiologists. The mean values of true diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*), and perfusion fraction (f) were acquired from renal parenchyma. Correlation between IVIM-DWI parameters and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), as well as pathological damage, were assessed.
Statistical Tests:
One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired sample t-test and Spearman correlation analysis.
Results:
The paired sample t-test revealed that IVIM-DWI parameters were significantly lower in medulla than cortex for both patients and controls (P < 0.01). Regardless of whether eGFR was reduced, ANOVA revealed that f values of renal parenchyma were significantly lower in patients than controls (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis revealed that there were positive correlations between eGFR and D (cortex, r = 0.466, P < 0.001; medulla, r = 0.491, P < 0.001), and between eGFR and f (cortex, r = 0.713, P < 0.001; medulla, r = 0.512, P < 0.001). Negative correlations were found between f and glomerular injury (cortex, r = -0.773, P < 0.001; medulla, r = -0.629, P < 0.001), and between f and tubulointerstitial lesion (cortex, r = -0.728, P < 0.001; medulla, r = -0.547, P < 0.001).
Data Conclusion:
IVIM-DWI might be feasible for noninvasive evaluation of renal function and pathology of CKD, especially in detection of renal insufficiency at an early stage.
Level Of Evidence:
1 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;47:1251-1259.
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