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Entrainment mapping: Theoretical considerations and practical implementation.

Benjamin Schaeffer1, William G Stevenson1

  • 1Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology
|September 24, 2017
PubMed
Summary
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Entrainment mapping, a technique using pacing, helps diagnose and map reentrant arrhythmias by analyzing tachycardia interactions. Careful interpretation is key to understanding complex re-entry circuits and avoiding misleading findings.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Electrophysiology
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Reentrant arrhythmias are a significant cause of cardiac dysfunction.
  • Entrainment mapping, developed over 40 years ago, has become crucial for diagnosing and characterizing these arrhythmias.
  • Understanding the interaction between pacing and tachycardia is essential for effective cardiac mapping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the physiology of re-entry.
  • To detail the application, interpretation, limitations, and pitfalls of entrainment maneuvers in cardiac mapping.
  • To highlight the role of entrainment mapping in diagnosing and characterizing reentrant arrhythmias.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of the interaction between pacing maneuvers and tachycardia.
  • Utilizing entrainment mapping to determine the relationship of pacing sites to the re-entry circuit.
Keywords:
atrial tachycardiacatheter ablationentrainment mappingfusionmappingresettingventricular tachycardia

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  • Discriminating between relevant re-entry pathways and bystander areas.

    • Main Results:

    • Entrainment mapping is an indispensable tool for the diagnosis and mapping of reentrant cardiac arrhythmias.
    • It allows for the determination of pacing site relationships within complex re-entry circuits.
    • Careful interpretation is necessary to identify and avoid misleading findings during mapping.

    Conclusions:

    • Entrainment mapping is a vital technique for understanding reentrant arrhythmias.
    • The method aids in precise localization within complex cardiac electrical pathways.
    • Awareness of potential pitfalls is crucial for accurate clinical application.