Everyday executive function predicts adaptive and internalizing behavior among children with and without autism...

Area of Science:

• Neurodevelopmental Disorders
• Child Psychology
• Behavioral Science

Background:

• Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often experience executive function (EF) deficits, affecting adaptive behavior and mental health.
• These challenges pose risks to long-term wellbeing, necessitating targeted interventions.
• Understanding the relationship between specific EF domains and functioning is crucial for developing effective support strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To examine the association between parent-rated EF and adaptive functioning in children with and without ASD.
• To investigate the link between parent-rated EF and internalizing symptoms, specifically anxiety and depression.
• To identify specific EF domains that can be targeted for intervention to improve outcomes.

Main Methods:

• The study included 59 children and adolescents with ASD and 67 typically developing (TD) controls, matched for age, IQ, and other factors.
• Caregivers completed the Behavior Rating Inventory of EF (BRIEF) and the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-2).
• Statistical analyses explored correlations between EF, adaptive behavior, and mental health symptoms.

Main Results:

• Children with ASD showed more EF and behavioral challenges than TD peers, except in organization of materials and anxiety.
• Metacognitive EF processes were strongly linked to practical, conceptual, and social skills in both groups.
• Behavior regulation, but not other EF domains, was significantly associated with depression symptoms in both ASD and TD children.

Conclusions:

• Targeting specific EF domains, particularly behavior regulation, may benefit adaptive behavior and reduce depression in children with and without ASD.
• Interventions focused on EF could improve not only cognitive abilities but also broader life functioning and mental health.
• Findings underscore the importance of EF in the development and maintenance of adaptive skills and emotional wellbeing.